Their writings were hugely influential in solidifying the doctrine of the Trinity leading up to the Council of… He is baptized; the Spirit bears witness. The word Theophany (meaning manifestation of God) comes from the apostolic passage, “God was manifested in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen by angels, preached among the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up in glory” (1 Timothy 3:16). Basil the Great is of one of the Cappadocian Fathers, namely the famous fourth-century (Nazianzus, The Fifth Theological Oration - On The Spirit, 196). He is tempted; the Spirit leads Him up. For the Word is not stoned, but casts stones when He pleases; and uses a sling against wild beasts—that is, words—approaching the Mount 3695 3695 Exod. Gregory was the 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople and an eminent theologian of the early church. 688 Oration on the Holy Lights. Gregory of Nazianus on the Spirit. This attack happened as the preacher, Gregory of Nazianzus, was about to baptize new converts. Gregory of Nazianzus also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople. Calendar, Canadian Donors: Andrew B. McGowan, Brian E. Daley, and Timothy J. Gaden (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 151–62; CrossRef Google Scholar. Saints in heaven, friends on earth, both were proclaimed doctors of the Church in 1568 by Saint Pius V: because they shared their lives in Christ, the Church remembers on the same day Saint Basil the Great (c. 329-379) and Saint Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329-390), who belong to the group of «Cappadocian Fathers», also including Basil's own brother, Saint Gregory of Nyssa. Continuing to address the argument from silence, Nazianzus offered an explanation why the deity of the Holy Spirit was not expressly set forth in scripture. This gave greater freedom to Christians who defended the full divinity of Christ. Gregory succeeded his father as Bishop of Nazianzus and in 379 was elected Bishop of Constantinople. Basil the Great are two of the most distinguished doctors of the Church. In Constantinople, a group of these invited Gregory to reorganize their church and lead them in converting the city to the Nicene theology. I cannot grasp the greatness of That One so as to attribute a greater greatness to the Rest. What of the Holy Spirit? Theophany And The Invisible God In Early Christian Theology And Art. He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the patristic age. The biblical teaching of a fully human and fully divine Christ, which had been approved at the 325 Council of Nicea and was heartily taught by Basil and his friends, was not as popular as Arius’s simpler explanation of Jesus as lesser God or half-god. Gregory of Nazianzus, also known as Gregory the Theologian, was born in 329 at Nazianzus in Cappadocia (modern day Turkey). I reminded you of all your former miracles in which we recognize your powerful hand.”[1]. Gregory of Nazianzus (330 – January 25 389 or 390) (also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen) was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople. Basil the Great "On the Holy Spirit" 1 Saint Basil the Great - His Life Together with St. Gregory of Nazianzus ("the Theologian," c. 329-389) and St. Gregory of Nyssa (c. 330-395), St. At a time when emperors were intrinsically involved in the running of the church, theological matters often became political issues. The Spirit is involved in the self-revelation of the Trinity. So, also, the Spirit's divinity was withheld until the Son's divinity was believed. He was baptized by his father when he returned to Nazianzus and led a holy life. On his way to Athens, Gregory was caught by a terrible storm, which almost caused a shipwreck. In this oration, he provides his exhaustive depiction and discussion of the ontology and functionality of the Spirit and asserts its equality within the Divine Family. J. Holy Water . This is especially seen in an excerpt immediately following his reflection on the Godhead in terms of light. Share. By that time, delaying the sacrament had become common practice. In fact, his writings were so instrumental in bringing greater trinitarian clarity … Opposing some 4th-century theologians who believed the Spirit to be subordinate to the … [6] Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 31, 29, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/310231.htm. 640 Against The Arians, and Concerning Himself. He was a younger brother of Basil the Great and a good friend of Gregory of Nazianzus. In response, Basil doubled the number of bishops in his area, assigning Nyssa to his brother Gregory, and Sasima to Gregory of Nazianzus. Since the Holy Spirit deifies and is not deifies, then he is God, full stop. The Alliance is a coalition of pastors, scholars, and churchmen who hold the historic creeds and confessions of the Reformed faith and who proclaim biblical doctrine in order to foster a Reformed awakening in today's Church. Gregory of Nazianzus and Why Knowing the Nature of the Holy Spirit Really Matters. He studied rhetoric in Athens with his friend Basil … Today, many of us repeat the same formula as a simple convention. Nazianzus left it to others to develop the scriptural basis for affirming the Holy Spirit as God. [5] Philip Schaff, Henry Wace, eds., A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, New York, The Christian Literature Company, 1894, 375. Basil during his studies in Alexandria where they were students. 11 GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS'S ORATION 31 ON THE HOLY SPIRIT Pablo A7JJarate PNEUMATOLOGICAL EVOLUTION With the exception of some brilliant Johannine and Pauline passages, the rest of the New Testament provides only an incipient pneumatological reflec- tion. 677 Matt. PO Box 24087, RPO Josephine This edition of On the Holy Spirit comes complete with a Touch-or-Click Table of Contents. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. They were followers of the doctrines of Arius, a previous priest who had opposed the notion of a fully divine Christ. the Father’s love for the Son); and those will be unloseable, for obvious reasons. Written by Simonetta Carr | Saturday, February 10, 2018 . Gregory agreed, not without some hesitation. DC Field Value Language; dc.contributor.advisor: Widdicombe, Peter: en_US: dc.contributor.author: Opperwall, Daniel G. en_US: dc.date.accessioned: 2014-06-18T16:59:44Z Late in the Fifth Theological Oration, “On the Holy Spirit,” Gregory of Nazianzus notes two parallel developments that have occurred in the history of revelation. Posted on December 5 , 2012 by Catholicism Pure & Simple. Along with many other theological works, both are known for their early and compelling arguments that the Holy Spirit is in fact God. He states the Orthodox position thus, “If ever there was a time when the Father was not, then there was a time when the Son was not. St. Gregory of Nazianzus, the Theologian, explains this progression in terms of the pedagogy of divine "condescension": ... 686 The Holy Spirit is at work with the Father and the Son from the beginning to the completion of the plan for our salvation. In his work, The Fifth Theological Oration - On The Spirit, Gregory of Nazianzus argues for the divinity of the Spirit. Unlike Augustine, he literally ran away – back to Pontus. The article examines the nature of the dogmatics found in the poetry written by Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329-390) through a particular case-study, the poem On the Son. In fact, his writings were so instrumental in bringing greater trinitarian clarity that he was graced with the epithet “the Theologian.”. When I think of any One of the Three I think of Him as the Whole, and my eyes are filled, and the greater part of what I am thinking of escapes me. In 378, Valens died and Theodosius I, a promoter of the decisions of the Council of Nicaea, took his place. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord Who was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit And born of the virgin Mary. Doctor of the Church, born at Arianzus, in Asia Minor, c. 325; died at the same place, 389. Adult Patristics Study - St. Accepting a cousin’s offer to use her villa, he held services there, naming the small fledging church Anastasia (from the Greek anastasis, “standing again”). Gregory was shocked. With no scarcity of details, he described Sasima as “a place without water, without vegetation, completely uncivilized, an utterly dreadful and cramped little settlement. 3694 3694 Luke iv. Eventually, Maximus was expelled and Theodosius gave the title to Gregory. He met St. 13 thoughts on “Question about Gregory of Nazianzus on Divinity, the Son and the Spirit” Brandon September 18, 2008 at 10:55 am At least some energies are usually taken as having the divine Persons as their terms (e.g. Gregory has been called "the Theologian," "the Divine," and the "Christian Demosthenes." Caesarius went on to Constantinople, where he became first doctor, then financial manager in the imperial court. Granted, this is difficult for our puny human brains to do, since we usually think of generation happening at some point in time… ‘The chicken generated an egg last week’ or something like that. On the Holy Spirit. Gregory, then, appears to grant the point that the doctrine is not taught in Scripture and to formulate an argument for why it should be believed anyway. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. He was born around the year 33 on the country estate of Arianzus, near Nazianzus, in the Roman province of Cappadocia (in today’s Turkey). Gregory is drawing upon Origen’s Spirit-Letter dichotomy (166). The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates his death on January 25. Gregory of Nazianzus (3301 – January 25 389 or 3901) (also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen) was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople. It argues that Basil's work on the Spirit is less fully Trinitarian and ascetically weaker than that of the other two, that Gregory Nazianzen offers the most fully Trinitarian and methodologically insightful pneumatology of the three, and that the Holy Spirit plays only a minor role in Gregory of Nyssa's theological and ascetical system. In 381, Gregory presided the Council of Constantinople, but a lack of administrative skills forced him to abdicate. He is especially noted for his contributions to the field of pneumatology—that is, theology concerning the nature of the Holy Spirit. It would not have seemed strange back then, when theology was seen as an urgent, practical matter. He descended to the dead. Both of his parents were made saints. 28:19). Gregory's most significant theological contributions arose from his defense of the doctrine of the Trinity. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. 1 Shares “During this time, Gregory, like Augustine, was consecrated priest against his will and with the acclamation of the people. He was an opponent of Apollinaris and taught the complete humanity and the complete divinity of Jesus Christ. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, Was crucified, died, and was buried. His significance has long been recognized in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Roman Catholic branches of Christianity. © Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals, Inc. All rights reserved, About the Alliance His mother, Nonna, taught him the Scriptures and made certain that he received an extensive education. Besides the spiritual responsibilities, which Gregory perceived in all their actual weight, he had to take on a greater load of practical tasks to assist his aging father, including the unpleasant duty of dealing with his brother’s creditors after Caesarius’s death of the plague in 368. Holy Water . The main reason, however, was that he didn’t feel “qualified to rule a flock or herd, or to have authority over the souls of men.”[3]. Such then is the account of the Son, and in this manner He has escaped those who would stone Him, passing through the midst of them. M. Edmund Hussey, “The Theology of the Holy Spirit in the Writings of St. Gregory of Nazianzus,” Diakonia 14, no.3 (1979): 224–33; Google Scholar. I. There, he was reunited with a friend he had met in Caesarea, Basil. Nonna had a great influence on her family. He was born about 330 in Nazianzus in Cappadocia (now Turkey), the son of a local bishop. On the contrary the Holy Spirit is, to begin with, because of qualities that are essentially holy, that which the Father, essentially Holy, is; and such as the Only-begotten is, such is the Holy Spirit; then, again, He is so by virtue of life-giving, of imperishability, of unvariableness, of everlastingness, of justice, of wisdom, of rectitude, of sovereignty, of goodness, of power, of capacity to give all good things, and above them … While the Apostolic Fathers did not further this discussion much, it is only by the end of the second century that two … From the Catechism ... St. Gregory of Nazianzus explained this pedagogy of divine "condescension" when he wrote that the Father was revealed in the Old Testament and the Son in the New. Gregory’s troubles in Constantinople were not limited to the Easter eve attack. xix. Basil in 372. xix. Gregory of Nazianzus: The Bible and the Revelation of the Triune God Yoriko Tanaka Master of Theology University of St. Michaels College of the University of Toronto 2012 Abstract This thesis examines the relationship between Gregory of Nazianzus pneumatology and his understanding of Scripture in light of his concept of Gods revelation. In . If ever there was a time when the Son was not, then there was a time when the Spirit was not. For He is the Maker of all these, filling all with His Essence, containing all things, filling the world in His Essence, yet incapable of being comprehended in … Canadian Committee of The Bible Study Hour Man is called to worship the One who elevates … These are the transition from idolatry to the law and then from the law to the gospel. His long-standing trust in friends was once again crushed, this time by the philosopher Maximus who tried to push Gregory aside in order to rise to the position of bishop of Constantinople. Category: Gregory of Nazianzus Reflections on the Creed (2): Jesus as a Man “I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. They proceed side by side, but in opposite directions: one moves from complexity to simplicity (vis-a-vis the worship of God), while the other moves from simplicity to complexity (vis-a-vis the knowledge of God). Gregory senior and his wife Nonna had already another child, a girl named Gorgonia. The Father is unbegotten, the Son is begotten, and the Holy Spirit proceeds. St. Gregory of Nyssa (c 335 – after 394) was a Christian bishop and saint. His cry to God, however, betrays the Scriptural knowledge which had been instilled in him since childhood. On the vigil of Easter in 379, a group composed mostly of monks and women rushed into a church, attacked the congregants, wounded the preacher, and killed another bishop. 702 The Oration on Holy Baptism. Much of this clarification was the fruit of a 4th-century trio of friends known as Cappadocian Fathers: Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa, and Basil of Caesarea. During this time, Gregory, like Augustine, was consecrated priest against his will and with the acclamation of the people. He returned a few months later, and apologized to his congregation, who forgave him slowly. “Hunger, storm, and winds were competing to end our life,” he wrote about thirty years later. 29, 30. If the One … He is called the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, the Mind of Christ, the Spirit of The Lord, and Himself The Lord, the Spirit of Adoption, of Truth, of Liberty; the Spirit of Wisdom, of Understanding, of Counsel, of Might, of Knowledge, of Godliness, of the Fear of God. 13. in an unholy way. This chapter brings the argument to a focus by considering Gregory's doctrine of the Trinity as a whole, which is “theology” in the fullest sense. In the Eastern Church, Holy Water is used frequently in rites of blessing and exorcism, and the water for baptism is always sanctified with a special blessing. He works miracles; the Spirit accompanies them. Divine Semiotics And The Way To The Triune God In Augustine’S De Trinitate. He was a classically trained orator and as such is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of his time, infusing Hellenistic style and philosophy into the early church. [1] Gregory of Nazianzus, Caroline White (ed. The Spirit is involved in the self-revelation of the Trinity. Valens, as most emperors, wanted a united religion, and simple and popular were appealing attributes. Holy Water is often sprinkled on items or people when they are blessed outside of the Church building, as part of the prayers of blessing. On the Theophany, or Birthday of Christ. God And The Poor In Early Christian Thought . The Orthodox name him “The Theologian” 1 – a title they accord only one other, St John the Apostle and Evangelist an– d honour him with two feast-days, January 25th and January 30th. 719 On Pentecost. He and Basil of Caesarea, along with Basil's brother, Gregory of Nyssa, are known as the "Cappadocian Fathers." Mass: Sts Basil the Great and Gregory Nazianzen - Mem - Form: OF Readings: 1st: 1jo 2:22-28 Resp: psa 98:1, 2-3b, 3c-4 Gsp: joh 1:19-28 To Subscribe to this channel: The other party, instead, took seriously Christ’s command to make disciples, “baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” (Matthew 28:19) and tried hard to reach a better understanding of this mysterious triune relationship. Fundamental to St Gregory’s teaching on the Holy Spirit is its underlying soteriological focus. “Look at these facts: Christ is born; the Spirit is His Forerunner. Calling the Holy Spirit anything less than God only leaves us with further questions about our salvation. Father reflects on their teachings on the incarnation and the divine motherhood of Mary. He was also a prolific poet who considered his poetic vocation as a work done for God’s glory. Refusing to fulfill his ordination, he stayed home, where he continued his previous duties until his father’s death in 374. The Holy Spirit; The Trinity; Pastoral ministry. He was son -- one of three children-- of Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus (329-374), in the south-west of Cappadocia, and of Nonna, a daughter of Christian parents. He was a younger brother of Basil the Great and a good friend of Gregory of Nazianzus. He began by showing that the name which belongs to the Trinity fits the Holy Spirit, specifically, the true light that lights every one that comes into the world (John 1:9; 14:16). Gregory of Nazianzus (329-390 CE), "the Theologian," is the premier teacher on the Holy Trinity in Eastern Christian tradition, yet for over a century historians and theologians have largely neglected his work. God spared him, and Gregory arrived in Athens, where he stayed – still unbaptized – for more than ten years, while he studied under well-known teachers. The Fifth Theological Oration. Gregory is drawing upon Origen’s Spirit-Letter dichotomy (166). As a classically trained orator and philosopher he infused Hellenism into the early church, establishing the paradigm of Byzantine theologians and church officials. Leonardo da Vinci: Madonna of the Carnation, Alte Pinakothek, München. Beeley, “The Holy Spirit in Gregory Nazianzen: The Pneumatology of Oration 31,” in God in Early Christian Thought: Essays in Memory of Lloyd G. Patterson, ed. ), Gregory of Nazianzus: Autobiographical Poems (Cambridge Medieval Classics), Cambridge University Press, 2005, 23. Once he described a tender memory of Nonna running to him with open arms, shouting his name – an image that was obviously impressed in his mind. 4 But the Spirit is the last of the persons of the Holy Trinity to be revealed. The Fifth Theological Oration, On the Holy Spirit 97. v Introduction REGORY of Nazianzus (330 389) has been treated as one of the brightest stars in the – firmament of the Christian tradition. He also proclaimed the eternality of the Holy Spirit, saying that the Holy Spirit's actions were somewhat hidden in the Old Testament but much clearer since the ascension of Jesus into Heaven and the descent of the Holy Spirit at the feast of Pentecost. ), Gregory of Nazianzus, 43. Gregory of Nazianzus first challenges us to think about the Father’s generation of the Son in a ‘supra-temporal’ way. Gregory of Nazianzus on the Nativity of Christ. The Holy Spirit. In fact, he tells more about himself than any other Christian author before Augustine of Hippo. When I contemplate the Three together, I see but one torch, and cannot divide or measure out the Undivided Light,”[5] he eloquently said. His father, also named Gregory, had recently been ordained as local bishop. The two young men shared a strong love for learning and a desire to devote their lives to God by following what people of their times considered the most dedicated practice: a monastic life. In Gregory’s mind, the Holy Spirit must have equal status with the other godly members for "he is neither a creature, nor a thing made, nor a fellow servant, nor any of these lowly appellations" (Nazianzus, The Fifth Theological Oration - On The Spirit… Gregory is the first author whose works are extant to declare that “the Holy Spirit is God” in so many words. The question of His relation to the Son is alien to S. Gregory Nazianzen's purpose; nor does it seem to have once been raised in the great battle between Arianism and Catholicity which was fought out at Constantinople during Gregory's Episcopate" (Swete on the Procession, p. 107)). Certainly!' Gregory was very attached to her, and dedicated to her 36 of his epitaphs. His father, also named Gregory, served as a bishop of Nazianzus. To those who found these teachings unscriptural, he recommended a closer biblical examination. Gregory was a major political and intellectual figure during the pneumatological controversies of the late Fourth Century. By the time Gregory was 13, the family had sufficient means to send him and Caesarius to study in Caesarea, Alexandria, and Athens. Along with many other theological works, both are known for their early and compelling arguments that the Holy Spirit is in fact God. On Wednesday, 22 August [2007], the Holy Father arrived by helicopter from his Summer Residence at Castel Gandolfo for the General Audience in the Vatican's Paul VI Audience Hall. His mother died soon after that, and Gregory retired once again to a contemplative life. He insisted that the only distinctions that can be established between the three Persons of the Trinity are those which refer to the origin of each of them. Gregory of Nazianzus on the Trinity and the Knowledge of God: In Your Light We Shall See Light: Christopher A. Beeley: 9780199948871: Books - Amazon.ca 11 GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS'S ORATION 31 ON THE HOLY SPIRIT Pablo A7JJarate PNEUMATOLOGICAL EVOLUTION With the exception of some brilliant Johannine and Pauline passages, the rest of the New Testament provides only an incipient pneumatological reflec- tion. 1. In my journey through reading Christian classics, I recently read Basil of Caesarea's On the Holy Spirit. The central chapter of the book evaluates Gregory's distinctive doctrine of the Holy Spirit and the Spirit's role in the work of Christian theology, focusing on the soteriological character of Gregory's Pneumatology in distinction from that of his Christology. Gregory returned home where was finally baptized and began to help his father in his duties, all the while taking frequent trips to visit Basil. As we confess our faith in a Triune God, we seldom remember the struggle it took to clarify and fine-tune the language that allows us to talk about it. This is a tradition that comes from Christ himself in his commission to the apostles to baptize “in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit” (Mt. St. Gregory of Nazianzus, (born c. 330, Arianzus, near Nazianzus, in Cappadocia, Asia Minor [now in Turkey]—died c. 389, Arianzus; Eastern feast day January 25 and 30; Western feast day January 2), 4th-century Church Father whose defense of the doctrine of the Trinity (God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) made him one of the greatest champions of orthodoxy against Arianism. 670 On the Words of the Gospel, 'When Jesus Had Finished These Sayings,' Etc.--S. Terrified by the prospect of dying in a state of sin, he vowed to consecrate his life – if spared – to God. A second son, Caesarius, was born soon after. This thesis comprises the first full-length study of Gregory of Nazianzus's theology of the Holy Spirit. He was son -- one of three children-- of Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus (329-374), in the south-west of Cappadocia, and of Nonna, a daughter of Christian parents. It is all dust and noise and chariots, cries and groans, officials, instruments of torture and shackles, a population consisting only of visitors and vagrants.”[4] He didn’t understand its strategic importance to Basil. To undermine Basil, Valens cut in half the territories under the bishop’s jurisdiction. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. He saw his poetry as helpful both to himself and to others who might be having similar experiences. St. Gregory of Nazianzus, the Theologian, explains this progression in terms of the pedagogy of divine "condescension": The Old Testament proclaimed the Father clearly, but the Son more obscurely. Ephrem’S Doctrine Of God. Much of Gregory’s poetry was autobiographical. St. Gregory of Nazianzus, (born c. 330, Arianzus, near Nazianzus, in Cappadocia, Asia Minor [now in Turkey]—died c. 389, Arianzus; Eastern feast day January 25 and 30; Western feast day January 2), 4th-century Church Father whose defense of the doctrine of the Trinity (God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) made him one of the greatest champions of orthodoxy against Arianism. “Despairing of everything here below I looked to you, my life, my breath, my light, my strength, my salvation, you who terrify and strike, smile and heal, ever entwining the good with its opposite. St. Gregory of Nazianzen and St. Share 1. St. Gregory of Nyssa (c 335 – after 394) was a Christian bishop and saint. He was ordained a priest and was appointed Bishop of Sasima by St. With prayer as the anchor of his life, St. Gregory shows us that through any trials and difficulties, experiencing God's love always wins the day . Imperial court Gregory accredited to her his father, also named Gregory, had recently been ordained local! His mother died soon after recognized in the Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Roman Catholic branches of.... Along with many other theological works, both are known as the preacher, Gregory of Nyssa ( c –! University Press, 2005, 23 the transition from idolatry to the field of pneumatology—that is, theology the! He stayed home, where he continued his previous duties until his ’. Godhead in terms of light Oration 31 to Nazianzus and led a life... Home, where he continued his previous duties until his father, also known as the `` Christian Demosthenes ''., was a time when the Son of a fully divine Christ was by.: Autobiographical Poems ( Cambridge Medieval classics ), Cambridge University Press, 2005, 23 are extant to that... Son ) ; and those will be unloseable, for obvious reasons Easter eve.... 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