referring to animal species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range, usually through human action. Photograph by USDA. having a worldwide distribution. (Marshall, 2006; Robinson, 2005; Swan and Papp, 1972), Adult houseflies have short antennae, a gray thorax with four darker longitudinal stripes, and a gray or yellow abdomen with a darker median line and irregular pale yellowish spot at the anterior lateral margins. Musca domestica is a species of worldwide distribution (Smith, 1986; Ferreira and Lacerda, 1993) and of medical and veterinary importance since it is a mechanical vector of several diseases (Harwood and James, 1979; Smith, 1986, Levine and Levine, 1991). the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. This species is always found in association with humans or the activities of humans. 1999. Feeding occurs in the larval stage, and the wasp eventually emerges as an adult. Photograph by Jim Kalisch, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Susceptibility of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) exposed to five commercial insecticides on painted plywood. All three are in the same family. EDIS. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. The abdomen consists of 8 segments in males and 9 segments in females. If the strike occurs in the air, both flies immediately fall to a surface. Houseflies do not bite. It is the most common species found on hog and poultry farms, horse stables and ranches. In females, the first 5 segments are visible externally. 1962. at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/envent/1988/00000017/00000002/art00030. University Press, Cambridge England. When the flies pupate at greater depths the conditions favor Sphalangia cameroni. Houseflies cannot ingest particles larger than .045 mm. Accessed Distribution: Musca domestica is nearly cosmopolitan in distribution. Thus, K. oxytoca makes more nutrients available to the houseflies. Furnici (Lasius niger) Viespi. Larvae prefer pig, horse, and human feces as opposed to cow feces, which is preferred by face flies (Musca autumnalis). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66 (6): 1249-1257. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00359.x/full. Insecticide resistance in house flies from caged-layer poultry facilities. A virgin female readily copulates and thrusts her ovipositor into the male genital opening. The picture shows the original description of Musca domestica which includes the diagnosis, bilbliography, distribution and biology [20]. at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/aesa/1970/00000063/00000003/art00026. Accessed 2011. These different species function better under different conditions, some performing better under cooler or warmer conditions, others parasitizing flies near the surface or deeper in the pupation medium. Prepupating stage. In another study fly larva distribution was higher in manure at temperatures from 17 to 35 °C(19). Large sticky traps for capturing house flies. The amount of cholesterol and the distribution of its metabolites were studied in various larval tissues of the housefly (Musca domestica), reared on a high cholesterol diet containing the radioactive cholesterol.The sterol content was also examined in adults derived from larvae reared on increasing dietary cholesterol concentration in separate batches. A ventral comparison of adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) (left), and house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus (right). The emerging fly escapes from the pupal case through the use of an alternately swelling and shrinking sac, called the ptilinum, on the front of its head which it uses like a pneumatic hammer to break through the case. Musca domestica is the type-species of Musca, a genus originally created by Linnaeus for a variety of higher Diptera, many of which are now known to be in other families (including fruit flies, cheese skippers and hoverflies). The species composition of fly population at several types of problem sites in urban areas. They may lay their eggs in human feces, where the maggots can filter feed on nutrient rich waste material. Distribution map of specimen collection localities or observation records for this species in our collections database. Networks. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63 (3): 738-744. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 151: 651-654. 1985. To break down harder foods, houseflies deposit saliva and stomach contents from their crop onto their food, which makes it easier to digest. The larva goes through three instars and a full-grown maggot, 7 to 12 mm long, has a greasy, cream-colored appearance. Figure 4. This sense allows them to avoid obstacles while flying. An Introduction to the Study of Insects. Accessed The female may avoid the male at any time, specifically if she has mated before. Figure 1: Comparison of median M. domestica larvae count per treatment The use of insects as food for domestic animals is a cost-effective alternative to other conventional fish diets. When the house fly is a major pest in commercial egg production facilities, the control of this insect is by the application of adulticides or larvicides to directly or indirectly suppress adult densities. May disperse as little as 27 to 1080 m in urban habitats to 5 to 6 batches 75. 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