[18] Recently, a number of geological experiments of onshore lakes have been carried out to study tsunami‐induced deposits on the Pacific coast of central and southwestern Japan in order to better understand the sequence of historical and prehistorical Nankai Trough earthquakes [e.g., Tsukuda et al., 1999; Okamura et al., 1997, 2000, 2004; Tsuji et al., 1998, 2002; Nanayama and Shigeno, 2004; Komatsubara and Fujiwara, 2007; Matsuoka and Okamura, 2009]. Ryujin Lake is surrounded by hills 50 m to 100 m high on the east and south and there is a short beach hill of approximately 10 m on the southwest. Learn about our remote access options, Center for Integrated Disaster Information Research, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. The Hyuga-nada Earthquake on June 30th, 1498 is a Fake Earthquake. [2003] to examine the effectiveness of the present source model for reproducing observed height of the tsunami along the Pacific coast of the Nankai Trough [Hatori, 1974, 1985; Murakami et al., 1996]. Il causa des dommages plus ou moins importants dans le sud-ouest des îles de Honshu et de Shikoku et dans le sud-est de l'île de Kyūshū[3]. [33] Finally, we conducted a tsunami inundation simulation in order to understand the process whereby the tsunami carried sea sand into Ryujin Lake during the Hoei earthquake, using the tsunami simulation results from the new Hoei earthquake model described in section 4. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 on the surface wave magnitude scale and triggered a devastating tsunami that resulted in thousands of deaths in the Nankai and Tōkai regions of Japan.It is uncertain whether there were two separate earthquakes separated by a short time interval or a single event. Related to Geologic Time, Mineralogy Interplate Coupling Distribution Along the Nankai Trough in Southwest Japan Estimated From the Block Motion Model Based on Onshore GNSS and Seafloor GNSS/A Observations. The tsunami traveled across the Atlantic Ocean as well. The sea waves were as high as 25 m to hammer into the Pacific coasts of Kyushyu, Shikoku and Honshin. Geophysics, Biological [25] We first set a 70 km by 120 km subfault segment, N5, on the west of the N4 subfault segment and extended the source rupture area of the Hoei earthquake to Hyuga‐nada (Figure 7). Le séisme de 1707 de l'ère Hōei est un séisme qui s'est produit le 28 octobre 1707 à 14 h (heure locale), dans le sud du Japon. [5] The source rupture histories of the recent 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai earthquakes were examined extensively based on the analysis of modern instrumental data, such as tide gauge records of tsunami waveforms [Aida, 1981; Tanioka, 2001; Tanioka and Satake, 2001; Baba et al., 2002, 2006], seismograms of regional strong ground motions and teleseismic waveforms [Ichinose et al., 2003; Murotani, 2007; Yamanaka, 2004], geodetic data derived from leveling surveys [Fitch and Scholz, 1971; Kanamori, 1972; Ando, 1975; Ishibashi, 1981; Sagiya and Thatcher, 1999], and combinations of these data [Satake, 1993]. Ryujin Lake is now locating over an area of large (150 cm) ground subsidence. All probably killed in excess of 10,000 people, though the historical records are not completely reliable. It was reported that roughly a dozen large waves were counted between 3 pm and 4 pm, some of them extending several kilometres inland at Kochi. Our belief based on detail tsunami simulation is that the source rupture area of the Hoei earthquake extended an additional 70 km eastward to the Hyuga‐nada from the westernmost end of Shikoku. [2003] Hoei earthquake source model. [26] We then modified the geometry of the N5 subfault segment and narrowed it in the direction perpendicular to the trench axis. It is one of the biggest tsunamis in the worldto be recorded in history. [23] We also consulted recent studies on the spatial distribution of interplate coupling rates along the Nankai Trough [e.g., Hashimoto et al., 2009; Ichitani et al., 2010; Nishimura et al., 1999; T. Hashimoto, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/esc/projects/fy2009/12-hashi.html]. Geophysics, Mathematical Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. This agrees with the heights of tsunamis observed along the Pacific coast from Cape Ashizuri to Hyuga‐nada during the Hoei earthquake [Hatori, 1974, 1985; Murakami et al., 1996] very consistently. Le bilan total s'élève à plus de 29 000 bâtiments détruits et plus de 5 000 victimes. A number of tsunami trains are captured within Tosa Bay (Figure 4f). Tokaido-Nankaido, Japan Estimated Number of Deaths: 30,000 Year: 1707. Pages 173 This preview shows page 149 - 152 out of 173 pages. The existence of the tsunami lakes in Kyushu was not well explained by the expected ground deformation pattern produced by the former Hoei earthquake source model where the fault rupture stopped at the westernmost end of Shikoku, not extending to Hyuga‐nada. a tsunami in Japan happened on October 28 1707. a total over of 5,000 or more people were killed. Synthesizing sea surface height change including seismic waves and tsunami using a dynamic rupture scenario of anticipated Nankai trough earthquakes. Le bilan humain lié au séisme et au tsunami qui s'en est ensuivi est estimé à plus de 5 000 victimes[4]. [2003] by modifying the structure of the subfault segments off Shikoku based on the findings of a number of recent geodetic and geological investigations of the Nankai Trough. It shows that an area of strong interplate coupling with high coupling ratios is found from Suruga Bay to Hyuga‐nada, more than 100 km beyond the westernmost end of Shikoku which we have considered to be the boundary of the source rupture area for the Nankai Trough earthquake. The pattern of earthquake ground deformation shows that the area of coseismic ground deformation terminates at the westernmost end of Shikoku, approximately 100 km farther east from Ryujin Lake (Figure 2). and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Yet the simulated tsunami height at Yonouzu is less than 4 m, which is comparable to the tsunami caused by the 1854 Ansei Nankai earthquake but much shorter than the tsunami experienced with the Hoei earthquake. This pattern of vertical ground movement is considered to illustrate the process of recovery of ground surface deformation due to the Nankai Trough earthquakes. Geophysics, Marine Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, Numerical experiments for the tsunamis generated off the coast of the Nankaido district, Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of historical earthquakes along the Nankai Trough, Japan, Characteristics of great earthquakes along the Nankai trough based on numerical tsunami simulation, The slip distribution of the 1946 Nankai earthquake estimated from tsunami inversion using a new plate model, High precision slip distribution of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake inferred from tsunami waveforms: Possible slip on a splay fault, Time series analysis of the tsunamis caused by Hoei and Ansei Nankai earthquake in Yonouzu, Oita prefecture, east central Kyushu, Historical materials of the tsunamis in Yonouzu village, southern part of Oita prefecture, southwest Japan, which were caused by earthquakes of October 28, 1707 and November 24, 1854, Possible splay fault slip during the 1946 Nankai earthquake, Splay fault and megathrust earthquake slip in the Nankai Trough, Mechanism of underthrusting in southwest Japan: A model of convergent plate interactions, IUGG/IOC TIME PROJECT: Numerical Method of Tsunami Simulation With the Leap‐Frog Scheme—Part 1: Shallow Water Theory and Its Difference Scheme, Manuals and Guides, Consideration of “giant Nankai earthquake” suggested by deposits in a lagoon in Oita prefecture by means of tsunami simulation, Interplate coupling in southwest Japan inferred from GPS data inversion, Vertical displacement in a tsunami source area and the topography of the sea bottom, Sources of large tsunamis in southwest Japan, Field investigation of historical tsunamis along the east coast of Kyushu, West Japan, Repeating short‐ and long‐term slow slip events with deep tremor activity around Bungo channel region, southwest Japan, Rupture process of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake (Ms 8.1) from the inversion of teleseismic and regional seismograms, Spatial variation of slip deficit rate at the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan inferred from three‐dimensional GPS crustal velocity fields—Repeated geodetic inversion analyses for the shifted target area, Amplification of tsunami heights by delayed rupture of great earthquakes along the Nankai trough, Specification of a soon‐to‐occur seismic faulting in the Tokai district, central Japan, based upon seismotectonics, Earthquake Prediction: An International Review, Tectonic implications of the 1944 Tonankai and the 1946 Nankaido earthquake, Crustal Deformations as Deduced From Mareographic Data, An effect of giant earthquake scenarios at the Nankai trough on a tsunami hazard, Overview of Holocene tsunami deposits along the Nankai, Suruga, and Sagami troughs, southwest Japan, The displacement fields of inclined faults, Nankai earthquakes recorded in tsunami sediments during the last 5000 years, Three‐dimensional splay fault geometry and implications for tsunami generation, Reexamination of the heights of the 1606, 1707 and 1854 Nankai tsunamis along the coast of Shikoku Island, An overview of onshore tsunami deposits in coastal lowland and our sedimentological criteria to recognize them, Earthquake‐Induced Event Deposits. Preparing for the Future Nankai Trough Tsunami: A Data Assimilation and Inversion Analysis From Various Observational Systems. For example, historical archives document that at Yonouzu village, at the northern end of Hyuga‐nada, the tsunami was more than 10 m and killed 18 people [Chida et al., 2003; Chida and Nakayama, 2006]. Such ground surface upheaval occurs mostly at sea but some can be found on land, including at Cape Muroto, Cape Shiono, and along the coast of Suruga Bay. [2003] determined that the source rupture area of this event extends from Suruga Bay to the westernmost end of Shikoku, i.e., the whole extent of the source area of the 1856 Ansei Tokai and the Ansei Nankai earthquakes. Source rupture areas of recent three Nankai Trough earthquake cycles: (a) the 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai earthquakes, (b) the 1854 Ansei Nankai and Tokai earthquakes, and (c) the 1707 Hoei earthquake. Similar patterns of plate coupling properties are demonstrated in other studies. In Tosa, 11,170 houses were washed away, and 18,441 people drowned. An Account of the Destructive Earthquakes in Japan, Publ. Les segments se sont rompus soit séparément ou ensemble à plusieurs reprises au cours des 1 300 dernières années[8]. Such deformations of the ground surface associated with large subduction zone earthquakes are known to produce marine terraces by upheaval and onshore lakes by subsidence. Il fait partie des trois plus importants glissements de terrain du Japon, concernant une surface de 1,8 km2 pour un volume estimé à plus de 120 millions de m³[11]. Hondo, Japan Estimated Number of Deaths: 27,000 Year: 1826. This leads to an acceleration of the transmission of seawater into the lake. Apr 24, 1771. Rupture process of the 1946 Nankai earthquake estimated using seismic waveforms and geodetic data. Damage. Red arrows denote the speed of the water flow. D'une magnitude estimé à 8,6 sur l'échelle ouverte de Richter, le séisme a généré un déplacement généralisé de tous les blocs du chevauchement de Nankai et est le seul événement connu à avoir produit une mécanique d'une telle ampleur. Field Investigation of the Nankaido Tsunamis in 1707 and 1854 along the Osaka and Wakayama Coasts, West Kii Peninsula YouTube, n.d. [50] Baba et al. Il pourrait par ailleurs être la cause de la dernière éruption du mont Fuji, qui s'est produite 49 jours plus tard[5]. Also we slightly modified the length of the N4 subfault segment in the direction parallel to the trench axis in order to improve the fitness between synthesized and observed ground deformation pattern reported by Kawasumi [1950]. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan. The height of the tsunami during the Hoei earthquake at Yonouzu was several times larger than that experienced during the 1854 Ansei earthquake. The 1707 Mw8.7 Hoei earthquake triggered the largest historical eruption of Mt. However, further studies evaluating shaking intensity such as, e.g., based on the FDM simulation of ground motion is needed to completely understand earthquake‐related disasters associated with the Nankai Trough earthquakes. Red and blue denote ground surface upheaval and subsidence, respectively. En plus des deux séismes de 1854, deux autres similaires se sont déclenchés en 1944 et en 1946. Our newly simulated tsunami height of approximately 6 m at Ryujin Lake also confirms the interpretation of Okamura et al. This implies that the large inflow flux of the tsunami through the channel can carry large masses of sea sand into the lake very effectively, but leaves most of the sand in the lake near the channel when the tsunami goes back to sea. (a) Speed of water flow at the entrance of the lake (plus indicates inflow, and minus indicates outflow), (b) water height at Ryujin Lake, and (c) shield numbers showing the power of tsunami transportation. [29] Snapshots of tsunami propagation derived by the simulation for the new Hoei earthquake source model with subfault segments N1 to N5′ and the former Hoei earthquake model without segment N5′ are compared in Figure 8 and in Animation S2. The Hoei earthquake was a larger event in which rupture spread as far as Hyuga‐nada, incorporating the fifth subfault, N5. Organochemical characteristics of carbonaceous materials as indicators of heat recorded on an ancient plate‐subduction fault. Steadily improving high‐performance computing technologies together with high‐resolution earthquake model will enable us for simulating strong ground motion near future. The tsunami lakes distributed along the Nankai Trough shoreline lie along a larger zone that subsides during the Nankai Trough earthquakes have developed and preserved in such way. Les mouvements tectoniques dans cette zone de convergence lithosphérique sont à l'origine de nombreux séismes, dont certains rentrent dans la catégorie des mégaséismes. Figure 7 illustrates one such result obtained by Hashimoto et al. Structural control on the nucleation of megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone. Re-examination of possible great interplate earthquake scenarios in the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan, based on recent findings and numerical simulations. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Properties of Rocks, Computational Composition and Structure, Atmospheric The Worst Tsunami in History! Subfault segments N1 to N4 of the source model of the Hoei earthquake are divided into small pieces 1 km by 1 km in size. Historical Nankai-Suruga megathrust earthquakes recorded by tsunami and terrestrial mass movement deposits on the Shirasuka coastal lowlands, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. REGARD: A new GNSS‐based real‐time finite fault modeling system for GEONET. Then, for several tens of years after the earthquake, gradual upheaval of the ground surface occurs and it recovers the subsided ground surface to a normal level and preserves tsunami deposits by protecting from erosion by sea waves or rains for the long periods of time during the interearthquake cycle. [11] We first conducted tsunami simulation for the Hoei earthquake using a source model of An'naka et al. [10] In section 2, we first simulate the tsunami and ground deformation patterns from the Hoei earthquakes to show the applicability and limitations of the current source model of, e.g., An'naka et al. Tsunami in Japan . The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami — Three years on. Introduction to ocean floor networks and their scientific application. The history of Nankai Trough earthquake occurrences can be traced through 11 events, beginning with the Hakuho Nankai earthquake in AD 684 [e.g., Ishibashi, 2004; Ando, 1975]. It was reported that roughly a dozen large waves were counted between 3 pm and 4 pm, s… The coast of Nankaidō, Japan estimated number of deaths: 30,000:! 6 m at Ryujin Lake around the western part of the simulated uplift of 100 cm Cape... Thank two anonymous reviewers and an associate editor for their constructive comments for improving.... Corresponds well to the Nankai Trough subduction zone within Tosa Bay ( Figure 6 ) subfaults to. 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By a huge tsunami, but No estimates exist for the Hoei earthquake 1707. The present ground elevation field derived from the nationwide GEONET GPS network illustrates the distribution of slips! Often referred as a dozen occurred over a one hour period estimated using seismic waveforms geodetic.